RAI ICSE Grade 9 Introduction to Robotics (kips)
Introduction to Robotics | RAI grade 9 | KIPS
Robot- Definition
A robot is a programmable
machine capable of carrying out tasks automatically, with or without human
control.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots
Advantages:
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Can work 24/7 without rest
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High precision and efficiency
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Handle dangerous or repetitive tasks
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Reduce human errors
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Can work in hazardous environments
Disadvantages:
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High cost of design and maintenance
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Can cause job loss
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Lack of creativity and emotional intelligence
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Dependency on power and programming
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Risk of malfunction or hacking
Characteristics of robots
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Accuracy and precision
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Repeatability – Perform tasks again and again without variation
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Speed and efficiency
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Programmability – Follow coded instructions
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Endurance – Work long hours without fatigue
Aerial Robots - Main Purpose
Aerial robots (like drones) are mainly used for
surveillance, photography, mapping, and delivery
from the air.
Bio-inspired robots
Bio-inspired robots are
machines designed by mimicking nature, such as robots that fly like birds or swim like fish.
Bio-inspired robots- Main Purpose
To solve real-world problems by
using natural movements and structures for better adaptability, energy efficiency, and function.
Example: Robotic fish for underwater monitoring.
Collaborative robots
Collaborative robots (cobots) are designed to
work safely alongside humans
in shared workspaces without the need for barriers.
Application of robots in education
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Help in interactive learning (robot teachers/assistants)
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Assist students with disabilities
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Support STEM education through robotics labs and programming tools
Applications of robots in agriculture
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Sowing seeds
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Harvesting crops
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Spraying pesticides
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Weeding and soil monitoring
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Sorting and packing produce
Applications of robots in Medical Field
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Surgery assistance
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Drug delivery
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Diagnostics and rehabilitation
Applications of robots in Defence Field:
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Bomb disposal
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Surveillance
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Border security
Applications of robots in Domestic Use:
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Vacuum cleaning (e.g., Roomba)
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Cooking assistants
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Companion robots
Why robots have longer working span than humans
Robots can work
continuously without fatigue, need no breaks, and can be
recharged or repaired,
unlike human limitations like tiredness or illness.
How robots improve product quality in industry
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Ensure uniformity and accuracy
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Perform automated inspections
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Minimize defects and human errors
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Operate in clean-room environments
Three Laws of Robotics (with examples)
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First Law: A robot may not harm a human or allow a human to come to harm.
Example: A surgical robot stops if a hand comes in its path. -
Second Law: A robot must obey human orders unless it conflicts with the First Law.
Example: A robot follows a worker's order unless it puts someone in danger. -
Third Law: A robot must protect its own existence as long as it doesn’t conflict with the first two laws.
Example: A robot avoids a fall unless saving a human requires it.
Unsolved Questions
Short Answer Type Questions
1. Give the definition of robot:
A robot is a machine capable of
carrying out a series of actions automatically, especially one programmable by
a computer. Robots can be guided by external control devices or operate
autonomously using sensors and onboard software.
2. What do you understand by collaborative robots?
Collaborative robots (also
called cobots) are robots
designed to work
safely alongside humans in a
shared workspace. Unlike traditional robots that operate in isolation, cobots
have sensors and safety features that allow human-robot collaboration without
physical barriers.
3. Classify robots on the basis of field:
Robots can be classified based on the field of application as follows:
Operate on the ground. Used in industries, agriculture, military, and domestic applications.
Examples: Self-driving cars, bomb disposal robots, farming robots.
Air Robots (Aerial Robots):
Operate in the air. Commonly used for surveillance, photography, and delivery.
Examples: Drones, UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles).
Water Robots (Underwater/Marine Robots):
Operate in or under water. Used for ocean exploration, underwater inspection, and environmental monitoring.
Examples: Submarines, ROVs (Remotely Operated Vehicles), AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles).
4. What is the main purpose of ground robots?
The
main purpose of ground robots
is to
perform tasks on land,
such as navigation, transportation, surveillance, inspection, and handling
dangerous materials. They are widely used in industries like defense,
logistics, agriculture, and search-and-rescue operations.
5. Classify robots on the basis of control:
Robots can be classified based on control as:
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Manual Robots – Operated directly by a human (e.g., remote-controlled drones).
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Semi-Autonomous Robots – Perform tasks with some level of human input or supervision.
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Autonomous Robots – Operate independently using sensors and artificial intelligence to make decisions.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. Explain the characteristics of robots by considering a medical surgery robot:
Medical surgery robots, such as the da Vinci Surgical System, have the following characteristics:
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Precision: Can perform complex surgeries with high accuracy, reducing human error.
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Miniaturization: Can operate through small incisions, causing less damage to tissues.
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Steadiness: Robots do not tremble like human hands, providing stable movements.
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Programmability: Can be programmed for repetitive tasks during surgeries.
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Assistance and Control: Surgeons control the robot using a console, combining human intelligence with robotic precision.
2. How can robots be used to improve the quality of products in industry?
Robots improve product quality in the industry by:
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Ensuring consistency: Robots follow exact instructions, leading to uniform products.
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Reducing human error: Automated systems reduce defects caused by fatigue or carelessness.
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Performing quality checks: Vision systems in robots can inspect and detect defects accurately.
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Working in clean environments: Robots can work in sterile or dust-free areas, especially in electronics and pharmaceuticals.
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Handling delicate materials: Robots handle fragile components gently and precisely.
3. Write and explain the three laws of robotics with the help of example:
Isaac Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics:
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A robot may not harm a human being or, through inaction, allow a human to come to harm.
Example: A medical robot stops if a human hand comes in its way during surgery. -
A robot must obey the orders given by humans, except where such orders conflict with the First Law.
Example: A cleaning robot follows a command to vacuum the room but stops if a child’s hand is in the way. -
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
Example: A warehouse robot avoids falling off a ledge to save itself, but will stop if doing so could hurt a human.
4. Explain the function of a robot which is inspired by bird:
Robots inspired by birds are called
ornithopters or
biomimetic flying robots.
Function: They flap their
wings like birds to fly. These robots are used for:
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Aerial surveillance (quiet and bird-like, so less noticeable)
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Environmental monitoring
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Studying bird flight and behavior
Example: The "Bionic Bird" robot mimics bird flight and can be controlled using a smartphone.
5. Write the applications of robots in the medical domain:
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Surgical Assistance: Robots assist in minimally invasive surgeries.
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Rehabilitation: Robots help patients in physical therapy and recovery.
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Hospital Delivery Robots: Carry medicines and equipment within hospitals.
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Sanitation Robots: Clean and disinfect hospital areas.
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Diagnostic Robots: Assist in scanning, imaging, and diagnostics.
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